Project 58 Task 1 – Technologies

Task 1: Technologies – State of the art and ongoing developments for systems and components

Task 1 aims at providing an overview of high-temperature heat pump technologies for supply of temperatures >100 °C. This review includes state-of-the-art technologies as well as technologies at lower technology readiness levels, which will enter the market within some years.

Task 1: Technologies – State of the art and ongoing developments for systems and components

The developments in the field of HTHPs are rapid and have an interdisciplinary character. Especially the compressor developments are not only based on conventional refrigeration compressors but also on components from process industries and on new technologies, which were beyond the scope of the previous Annexes. Task 1 focused on the technologies and aimed at giving an overview of current state-of-the-art technologies, as well as technologies at lower technology readiness levels, which are expected to enter the market within the coming years. The focus was on the technologies and components, while the applications are covered by Tasks 2 and 3.

More specifically, Task 1 covered:

Overview of technologies including systems and components
Collection of demonstration cases
Ongoing research, development & demonstration projects
Technology development perspectives

Task 1 report

Technology review about supplier technologies and demonstration cases

As part of Task 1, we collected information about heat pump systems and successful demonstration cases. The review of heat pump systems includes both commercially available systems, as well as systems under development. The demonstration cases are based on systems in operation and focusing on the applications and end-user experiences.

Preliminary results of the technology review are shown in the tables below, including the descriptions for supplier technologies and demonstration cases. An analysis of the provided data is presented in the report.

The technology overview remains open for new submissions and is now updated through Project 68. You are welcome to contribute with a description of a relevant technology or demonstration case by using the templates provided here.

Overview of development of supplier technologies

The following table gives an overview of the development level of different technologies for HTHPs.

Supplier	Compressor type	Working fluid	Capacity	T_{max supply}	TRL
Fuji Electric	Reciprocating	R-245fa	0.03 MW	120 °C	9
Emerson	Scroll and EVI Scroll	R-245fa, R410a, R-718	0.03 MW	120 °C	6
Mayekawa (EcoSirocco)	Reciproating	R-744	0.1 MW	120 °C	9
Mayekawa (EcoCircuit)	Reciprocating	R-1234ze(E)	0.1 MW	100 °C	8-9
Skala Fabrikk	Piston	R-290, R-600	0.3 MW	115 °C	7
Kobelco Compressors Corp. (SGH165)	Twin-screw	R-245fa/R-134a, R-718	0.4 MW	175 °C	9
Kobelco Compressors Corp. (SGH120)	Twin-screw	R-245fa	0.4 MW	120 °C	9
Pars Makina	Rolling piston	R-1233zd(E)	0.5 MW	150 °C	6
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries	Two-stage centifugal	R-134a	0.6 MW	130 °C	9
AtmosZero	Centrifugal	Synthetic	0.65 MW	165 °C	5
ecop	Centrifugal	ecop fluid 1	0.7 MW	150 °C	6-7
Mayekawa Europe (HS Comp)	Piston	R-600	0.8 MW	120 °C	7
Kobelco Compressors Corp. (MSRC160L)	Twin-screw	R-718	0.8 MW	175 °C	9
Mayekawa Europe (FC Comp)	Screw	R-601	1.0 MW	145 °C	5
GEA	Semi-hermetic piston	R-744	0.1-1.2 MW	130 °C	8
Futraheat	TurboClaw	R-1233zd	0.3-1.5 MW	150 °C	6-7
Fenagy	Reciprocating	R-744	0.3-1.8 MW	120 °C	5-6
Rank	Screw	R245fa, R-1336mzz(Z), R-1233zd(E)	0.12-2.0 MW	160 °C	7
SRM	Screw	R-718	0.25-2.0 MW	165 °C	5
Combitherm	Semi-hermetic screw	R-1233zd(E)	0.3-3.3 MW	120 °C	9
Sustainable Process Heat	Piston	HFOs	0.3-5.0 MW	165 °C	6-8
Johnson Controls	Piston	R-717, R-718	0.5-5.0 MW	120 °C	9
Johnson Controls	Reciprocating	R-717, R-600 (cascade)	0.5-5.0 MW	120 °C	7-8
ToCircle	Rolling piston	R-718	0.3-5.0 MW	188 °C	7-8
Weel & Sandvig	Turbo	R-718	1.0-5.0 MW	160 °C	4-9
Olvondo	Piston (double acting)	R-704	0.5 MW	200 °C	9
Heaten	Piston	HCs, HFOs	1.0-8.0 MW	200 °C	7-9
Enerin	Piston	R-704	0.3-10.0 MW	250 °C	8
AGO Energie	Piston	R-717 + R-718	0.7-10.0 MW	140 °C	8-9
Aneo Industry	Centrifugal / Piston	R-717, R-718	1.2-10.0 MW	150 °C	7-8
Enertime	Centrifugal	R-1336mzz(Z), R-1224yd(Z), R-1233zd(E)	2.0-10.0 MW	160 °C	4-8
Spilling	Piston	R-718	1.0-15.0 MW	280 °C	9
Epcon	Centrifugal fans and blowers	R-718 and process vapors	0.2-100.0 MW	210 °C	9
Turboden	Integrally geared centrifugal	Application specific	1.0-40.0 MW	250 °C	5-9
Everllence	Centrifugal turbo with expander	R-744	10.0-50.0 MW	150 °C	9
Everllence	Turbo (radial geared or centrifugal inline)	Natural and synthetic	10.0-100 MW	300 °C	6-9
Piller	Turbo	R-718	1.0-70.0 MW	212 °C	8-9
Siemens Energy	Turbo (Geared / single-shaft)	R-1233zd(E) / R-1234ze(E)	8.0-70.0 MW	160 °C	9 (to 90 °C)
Skyven	Turbo	R-718	<73 MW	215 °C	7
Qpinch	Chemical adsorption heat transformer	R-718, H3PO4 and derivatives	>2.0 MW	230 °C	9
Ochsner Energie Technik	Semi-hermetic screw	R1233zd	0.5 MW	130 °C	9
Ochsner Energie Technik	Semi-hermetic screw	R1233zd	1.6 MW	120 °C	4

Last updated: 30-04-2025

Overview of demonstration cases

The following table gives an overview of performed demonstrations of different technologies for HTHPs.

Supplier	Industry / Process	Source in → out	Sink in → out	Refrigerant	Compressor	Capacity	COP
Mayekawa*	Electronic / Coil drying	30 °C → 25 °C	20 °C → 120 °C	R-744	Piston	0.1 MW	3.1
AMT/AIT	Minerals / Brick drying	88 °C → 84 °C	96 °C → 121 °C	R-1336mzz(Z)	Piston (8 compr.)	0.3 MW	5.0
SkaleUP	Dairy / Process water	20 °C → 12 °C	95 °C → 115 °C	LT-C: R-290 HT-C: R-600	Piston	0.3 MW	2.5
n. a.*	Beverage / Alcoholic distillation	78 °C → 75 °C	n. a. → 140 °C	n. a.	n. a.	0.4 MW	5.2
AMT/AIT	Food / Starch drying	76 °C → 72 °C	96 °C → 138 °C	R-1336mzz(Z)	Screw	0.4 MW	3.2
Rotrex, Epcon	Sewage / Sludge drying	n. a. → 100 °C	n. a. → 146 °C	R-718	Turbo (2 stages)	0.5 MW	4.5
MHI	Electronic / Coil drying	55 °C → 50 °C	70 °C → 130 °C	R-134a	Centrifugal	0.6 MW	3.0
Kobelco	Sewage / Sludge drying	93 °C → 93 °C	160 °C →160 °C	R-718	Twin-screw, Roots blower	0.7 MW	2.9
Oilon	Distillery	60 °C → 60 °C	115 °C → 115 °C	n. a.	Piston	1 MW	5.0
Olvondo	Pharma / Recooling	36 °C → 34 °C	178 °C →183 °C	R-704	Piston	1.5 MW	1.7
Kobelco	Refinery / Bioethanol distillation	65 °C → 60 °C	20 °C →120 °C	R-245fa	Twin-screw	1.9 MW	3.5
QPinch	Chemical / Steam prod.	120 °C →145 °C	140 °C→185 °C	H2PO4	Heat-driven	2.9 MW	0.45 (COP_heat,trans.)
Piller	Plastics / Thermal sep.	60 °C → 60 °C	126 °C →131 °C	R-718	Turbo (8 blowers)	10.0 MW	4.4
Spilling	Pulp and paper / Pulp drying	133 °C →105 °C	n. a. → 201 °C	R-718	Piston (4 LT-, 2 HT-cyl.)	11.2 MW	4.2
Spilling	Chemical / Chemical	152 °C →105 °C	n. a. → 211 °C	R-718	Piston (4 LT-, 2 HT-cyl.)	12.0 MW	5.3
Ochsner Energie Technik	Pulp and paper / Pulp drying	55 °C →50 °C	100 °C →110 °C	R-1233zd	semi-hermetic screw	0.3 MW	3.2