Digitalisation is an important factor in the transformation of the energy system to realize the full potential of flexible energy generation and consumption. To reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050, heat pumps are expected cover more than half of the building heating needs. Heat pumps are thus a key technology in the energy transition and become increasingly connected devices that participate in the Internet of Things (IoT). This contribution presents a variety of IoT aspects for heat pumps, such as intelligent components and soft sensors, digital twins, semantic modelling, optimized building services, optimized industrial energy supply and heat pump pooling. IoT enabled heat pumps, both in domestic and industrial applications, allow for operation optimization to reduce energy consumption, to reduce the carbon footprint and to realize economic benefits. They also provide grid services by targeted exploitation of flexibility of a pool of small heat pumps or with large scale industrial heat pumps, which is of increasing importance due to the rising share of renewable energy production.
