4.1 Heat Pump for an Individual Apartment

Heat distribution and temperatures levels

The heat distribution is done separately for each apartment and specific to the chosen solution. The same applies to the temperature levels.

Size of building, number of apartments

Single apartment solution is a very flexible option. Rather not applicable for buildings with large number of apartments. It may be a good solution if the ownership of each apartment is individual, and it is difficult to find a common agreement among the owners of apartments. 

DHW and storage characteristic

DHW is realised for each apartment separately. In some cases (for example direct electric DHW preparation) no storage tanks needed. 

Energy standard, insulation level 

This solution is rather suitable in refurbishment cases. In new buildings with higher energy standards, more systematic solutions advisable.

Complexity of installation

The effort of refurbishment of heat generators may be reduced to single apartments. No need for works for the whole building at once. No heat distribution system throughout the building is needed. Nevertheless, enough space is required in each apartment for the installation of the heat pump.

Heat Sources

Outside air is the most probable heat source for the heat pumps solution for each apartment. Exhaust air can be used for specific types of application.

Specific issues of the concept

Very flexible solution if the refurbishment of the building is not possible for all apartments at once. No heat distribution system throughout the whole building is needed.

Positive aspects

• Flexible solution, especially in case of individual ownership
• No distribution losses

Negative aspects

• Distribution of source energy through the building
• Decentral noise of outside-air units
• Space requirement in each apartment