ONE HP FOR A NUMBER OF APARTMENTS
Main characteristic of the concept
One heat pump system for space heating and DHW for several apartments (usually grouped by levels or staircases).
Heat distribution and temperatures levels
The heat distribution occurs through the section of the building (usually a level or a staircase). Each heat pump provides heat for space heating, as well as for DHW.
Size of building, number of apartments
This solution is a typical solution in SFH, it will be common to implement in smaller MFB with small number of apartments. In case of large buildings more than 1 heat pump may be necessary to meet the required heating capacity (cascade solution).
DHW and storage characteristic
Storage tanks for DHW are needed. Separate consideration about legionella needed (for example ultra-filtration).
Energy standard, insulation level
This concept can be used for buildings with a high, as well as a low level of insulation. It may be applied as refurbishment of existing solutions with one heat generator for each level, which is a typical solution in several countries.
Complexity of installation
The complexity of the whole hydronic system of the building is reduced by using several hydronic circuits. Complexity is related to the space needed for each heat pump (several technical rooms), as well as their connection to the heat source.
Heat Sources
All heat sources possible. Depending on the position of heat pumps, some heat sources may be very difficult to implement. For example, it may be difficult to connect ground collectors if the heat pump it is not located on the ground floor. In some cases, use of outside air may be difficult due to the sound emissions or heat source capacity.
Specific issues of the concept
Several distribution circuits are necessary. Several technical rooms may be necessary to install the different heat pumps. Smaller capacity of each heat pump compared to the entire central solution.
Positive aspects
- Smaller heat pumps applicable
- Less distribution losses than central system
Negative aspects
- Distribution of source energy through the building
- Decentral noise of outside-air units
- More technical rooms needed