Experimental Investigation of an Electrochemical Compressor Using R1234yf as a Working Fluid
Electrochemical compressor (ECC) offers an oil-free and low-noise alternative to mechanical compression by transporting ions through a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). This study presents the first experimental demonstration of electrochemical compression of the low-GWP refrigerant R1234yf using a PEM-based ECC. The objectives are to verify the feasibility of R1234yf transport in an ECC and to identify membrane characteristics that enable stable and efficient operation. R1234yf was mixed with hydrogen and supplied to the anode under controlled temperature, humidity, and inlet pressure, while the outlet pressure was regulated by a back-pressure valve. The voltage–current response was measured for various temperatures between 30°C and 70°C and for different R1234yf/hydrogen mixing ratios. Four membranes with different thicknesses and mechanical properties were compared. The results show that R1234yf can be electrochemically compressed when sufficient hydrogen is present to sustain proton conduction. Increasing temperature lowers the voltage required at a given current. Among the tested membranes, the Gore775 (15??) exhibits the lowest ohmic losses and the most stable performance, while thicker membranes lead to significantly higher voltage penalties. This research suggests the potential for future development of heat pump systems leveraging electrochemical compressors.