21 November 2024

Annex 54 Heat Pump Systems with Low-GWP Refrigerants Final Report


The HVAC&R industry’s shift to low-GWP refrigerants is driven by the need to mitigate global warming and adhere to international agreements such as the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. Annex 54: Heat pump systems with low-GWP refrigerants started in 2019, aiming at promoting the application of low-GWP refrigerants to accelerate the phase-down of high-GWP HFCs and developing design guidelines for optimized components systems for low-GWP refrigerants. Member countries are Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Sweden, and the USA. Participating organizations are shown in Figure 1. This executive summary highlights work conducted, including reviews of the latest developments in low-GWP refrigerants, case studies for optimizing components and systems, and 2030 outlooks.