Aligning Learning and Development with Demands in Practice: Challenges and Learning Needs in the Heat Pump Installation Sector
Energy transition in the installation sector increases the need for a skilled workforce to ensure that heat pump systems operate efficiently. However, many installers still face challenges that decrease the quality of installation and limit their ability to keep up with the latest innovations in the sector. In this context, the current study explores the learning needs and challenges by focusing on the barriers faced by installers. Fifteen semistructured interviews were conducted with multiple stakeholders from the Netherlands, Germany, and Belgium, including an installer, training providers, managers, technical experts, and representatives from sector organizations. Qualitative content analysis was performed to gain a comprehensive insight into the learning needs and challenges from both industry and training perspectives. The frequency analysis provided two important insights. First, there is a clear need to enhance prior knowledge, particularly in hydraulics, the basics of heat pump systems, and heat pump sizing. Participants frequently highlighted that these fundamentals are crucial for conducting the installation effectively. Second, the content of existing learning opportunities often does not align with what installers consider necessary in practice. Many mentioned a weak connection between the current training programs and real-world practices, underlining the need for practical training, while also addressing the importance of including cross-domain perspectives (e.g., solar photovoltaic systems). Other challenges, such as adapting to new technologies, were present but relatively less mentioned. The results are further discussed in both white- and blue-collar contexts. Overall, the findings of this study show that enhancing the quality of heat pump installation goes beyond offering more training opportunities. These training programs need to be tailored to meet the learning needs and challenges of heat pump installers. Addressing these aspects can support the learning and development of a skilled workforce, thus contributing to the energy transition.