The primary focus was on electrically driven air-to-air or air-to-water air-source heat pumps (ASHP), with air or hydronic heating systems, since these products suffer severe loss of heating capacity and efficiency at lower outdoor temperatures. Thermally activated (engine-driven, absorption, etc.) ASHPs and ground-source heat pumps (GSHP) was also included in individual country contributions if desired. The main technical objective was to identify solutions leading to ASHPs with heating SPF > 2.63 W/W, recognized as a renewable technology.
Start date: July 2012
End date: May 2017
Objectives
- Identify potential equipment & system options for detailed evaluation
- Determine energy savings potential over range of cold climate locations
- Develop final Annex report comparing various design options for cold climate heat pump applications on common basis
The main outcome of this Annex was information-sharing on viable means to improve ASHP performance in cold climate locations – defined for purposes of the Annex as locales with a significant number of hours having ambient temperatures < -7°C.
Project manager and participating countries
Austria, Canada, Japan, and the US (Operating Agent) were participating in the Annex.
Publications