Centralized Heat Pump System for The Whole Building

Heat distribution and temperatures levels

The heat distribution occurs through the whole building, which increases the heat losses. The heat pump must be able to provide two temperature levels for space heating and DHW or the heat production needs to always meet the high temperature requirements for DHW.

Size of building, number of apartments

This solution is a typical solution in SFH. It may also be common to apply in smaller MFB with a small number of apartments. In case of large buildings, more than 1 heat pump may be necessary to meet the required heating capacity (cascade solution).

DHW and storage characteristic

In the central solution for DHW the heat losses account for a significant part of the energy consumption. Storage tanks for DHW are needed.  Separate consideration about legionella needed (for example ultra-filtration).

Energy standard, insulation level 

More suitable for buildings with higher energy standards (Most suitable for buildings with higher energy standards (new buildings). This concept may be used also for buildings with an average energy standard. For poor insulated houses it is not excluded but more challenging to implement. 

Complexity of installation

In case of retrofitting, the old heating distribution system may be maintained. In some cases, partial or complete exchange of radiators in each apartment may be required. In case of new buildings, long piping through the whole building is necessary.

Heat Sources

All heat sources possible. For large buildings with high energy demand the heating capacity can be a restricting factor for the outside air as a heat source. When outside air is used as HP-source, the HPs should preferably be installed on the roof. For larger systems, the sound emissions may be a problem for air-source heat pumps.

Specific issues of the concept

The old heat generator can be replaced (during retrofitting) without changing the distribution system.

Positive aspects

• Good for smaller MFB’s
• One controller
• Existing distribution maintained
• Simple replacement of a gas boiler

Negative aspects

• High distribution losses