{"id":2708,"date":"2024-10-22T14:03:18","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T14:03:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/annex62\/?page_id=2708"},"modified":"2024-12-09T11:55:42","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T11:55:42","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"#keywords\" style=\"background-color:#004087\"><strong>Key Words and Abbreviations<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"#keydefs\" style=\"background-color:#004087\"><strong>Key Definition<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"#heatsources\" style=\"background-color:#004087\"><strong>Heat Sources<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div id=\"keywordsandabbreviations\" class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div id=\"keywords\" class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"keywords\"><strong>Key Words and Abbreviations:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Apartment\/Dwelling\/Flat<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Used interchangeably. Living unit in a multi-family building. Can include several rooms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>COP<\/strong> <strong>= Coefficient of Performance<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Describes the efficiency factor of the heat pump. For example, a COP of 3.5 means that for every 1 Watt (W) of electric power put into the heat pump, 3.5W of heating output are produced.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Building(s)<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Usually the complete multi-family builing, sometimes multiple buildings. Includes all the buildings and flats therein that are thermally supplied by the studied heat pump solution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>HP = Heat Pump<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A device that absorbs energy from a heat source, multiplies it and then emits it as thermal energy to the flat (as DHW and\/or SH).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DHW = Domestic Hot Water<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The part of heating that aims to supply the flat with usable\/potable water, for the faucet, the sink, showering et cetera.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SH<\/strong> <strong>= Space Heating<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The part of heating that aims to achieve a warm temperature in the flat. Usually distributed by (wall-mounted) radiators, underfloor heating or fancoils. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"keydefs\">Key Definitions<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Building Size<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Small<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>up to 10 flats in the system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Medium<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>11 &#8211; 20 flats in the system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Large<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>21 and more flats in the system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>Insulation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Poor<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Never renovated, built before 1995 (roughly above 120 kWh\/m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Average<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Partly renovated, built between 1995 and 2010 (roughly 61-120 kWh\/m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Good<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Completely renovated, newly built after 2010 (roughly up to 60 kWh\/m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Operation Modes<sup data-fn=\"8ef39724-d13f-4adb-b407-9879b948dd02\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"8ef39724-d13f-4adb-b407-9879b948dd02-link\" href=\"#8ef39724-d13f-4adb-b407-9879b948dd02\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Monovalent Operation<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>All of the heat is supplied entirely by the heat pump. It must have a heating capacity that can cover the load of the whole system. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mono-energetic Operation<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Up to a certain determined output, the heat pump supplies the entire thermal heat. After that point is reached, a second heat generator that is also powered electrically switches in. Heat pump and additional generator then work together (parallel).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bivalent-alternative Operation<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Up to a certain determined output, the heat pump supplies the entire thermal heat. When that point is reached, the heat pump switches off and a second heat generator using a DIFFERENT final energy (e.g. fuel oil) takes over. They do not run at the same time (alternative, not parallel).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bivalent-parallel Operation<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Same as bivalent-alternative, except after the determined output and thus a higher heat demand are reached, both the heat pump and the second heat generator with a DIFFERENT final energy (e.g. fuel oil) work together (parallel).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bivalent-partly-parallel Operation<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Same as bivalent-parallel, except if the heat pump reaches one of its operation limits (e.g., minimum outdoor temperature, maximum supply temperature), the second heat generator with a DIFFERENT final energy takes over alone (first parallel, then alternative).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li id=\"8ef39724-d13f-4adb-b407-9879b948dd02\">According to and cited from: Verein Deutscher Ingenieure VDI (04\/2023). VDI 4645: Heating Systems with Heat Pumps in Single and Multi-Family Houses: Planning, Construction, Operation. Beuth Verlag. Berlin  <a href=\"#8ef39724-d13f-4adb-b407-9879b948dd02-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heatsources\">Heat Sources<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Air<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ambient Air<\/strong> = Whatever air is available around the heat pump system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exhaust \/ Waste Air<\/strong> = Air that, before &#8220;feeding&#8221; the heat pump, had specifically already been used elsewhere. For example gathered in a parking garage from running cars.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ground<\/strong><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ATES<\/strong> <strong>(groundwater)<\/strong> = Warm water is pumped directly out of the ground to be used in the heat pump cycle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BTES<\/strong> <strong>(boreholes)<\/strong>= There is a closed loop in the heat pump cycle that transfers the heat from the bedrock to the hp via an array of boreholes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ice<\/strong> = The latent heat principle is exploited in order for an ice storage to serve as the heat source for the hp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Internal Loop<\/strong> = A central hp (or several) is sourced by any of the named heat sources. It then heats up a water-loop inside the buildings which in turn serves as the heat source for individual hps throughout the building\/system. <a href=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/annex62\/2-3-one-heat-pump-creating-heat-source-for-local-heat-pumps\/\">(see more)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Solar<\/strong> = Solar Thermal units (mostly on the roof) are used to heat up the medium in the hp cycle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Water<\/strong> = If not used in a geothermal sense (e.g. ATES), water, for example from a lake, is used to &#8220;feed&#8221; the hp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Others are available. This list is not exhaustive.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key Words and Abbreviations: Key Definitions Building Size Insulation Operation Modes1 Heat Sources<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"According to and cited from: Verein Deutscher Ingenieure VDI (04\/2023). VDI 4645: Heating Systems with Heat Pumps in Single and Multi-Family Houses: Planning, Construction, Operation. Beuth Verlag. Berlin \",\"id\":\"8ef39724-d13f-4adb-b407-9879b948dd02\"}]"},"class_list":["post-2708","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2708","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2708"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2744,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2708\/revisions\/2744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}