{"id":2906,"date":"2025-03-18T10:14:11","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T10:14:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/annex62\/?page_id=2906"},"modified":"2025-09-12T14:38:38","modified_gmt":"2025-09-12T14:38:38","slug":"ca006-zero-carbon-and-zero-energy-ready","status":"publish","type":"case_studies","link":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/case-studies\/ca006-zero-carbon-and-zero-energy-ready\/","title":{"rendered":"CA006 Zero Carbon and Zero Energy-Ready"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \" style=\"font-size:25px\">Canada<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">With a population of approximately 21,000, a very cold climate and without the adoption of the BC Energy Step Code, many would not expect the City of Fort St. John to have a high profile in the green building industry. Yet, it has carved its own precedent-setting path when it comes to green buildings.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">Soon after a smaller Single-Family House project was completed, construction of a much larger&nbsp;<em>Passive House<\/em> project&nbsp;began nearby. The Fort St. John 50-unit <em>Passive House<\/em> affordable housing building originated from a partnership between <em>BC Housing<\/em> and <em>BC Hydro<\/em>. Upon completion in 2019, it became Canada\u2019s largest multi-family Passive House building and the northernmost multi-family <em>Passive House<\/em> project in the world. The majority of the building was allocated to accommodate <em>BC Hydro\u2019s<\/em> employees working on the <em>Site C Dam<\/em> project. Once the <em>Site C<\/em> project is complete, all 50 units will be provided as affordable housing for low and moderate-income households.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">Of particular note is the fact that the building is all-electric (not connected to a gas supply). This was a key decision, made early in the development process, that bestows an incredibly low GHGI on the building. The Province\u2019s upcoming Zero Carbon Step Code (in effect as of May 1, 2023) defines this level of GHGI as zero-carbon ready and is likely to make it a minimum requirement by 2030. This building is not only living proof that future GHGI requirements can be met today but, like many other high-performance buildings in Fort St. John, it dispels the myth that gas-fired equipment is a necessity in northern climates.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-house.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2907\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-house.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-house-300x162.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-house-768x414.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-house-400x216.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Picture: ZEIC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>Lessons learned<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When the primary HVAC need is cooling, then solar heat gains need to be minimized<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>Key facts<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Building<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><strong>Heat Pump and Source<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td><em>Fort St. John, Canada<\/em><\/td><td>Operation mode<\/td><td><em>monoenergetic<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Construction<\/td><td><em>2019<\/em><\/td><td>Heat source (SH)<\/td><td><em>ground<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heated area<\/td><td><em>4510 m\u00b2<\/em><\/td><td>Heat source (DHW)<\/td><td><em>air<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>No. of apartments<\/td><td><em>50<\/em><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Level of insulation<\/td><td><em>good<\/em><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Heating sytem<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><strong>Domestic Hot Water<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Thermal energy<br>use intensity<\/td><td><em>16.9 kWh\/m2 per year<\/em><\/td><td>Hybrid device<\/td><td><em>Electric resistance<br>water heater<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Annual cooling<br>demand<\/td><td><em>22.5<\/em> <em>kWh\/m2 per year<\/em><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Other information<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate Zone<\/td><td><em>Dfb<\/em><\/td><td>Refrigerant<\/td><td><em>R410A<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Boreholes<\/td><td><em>35 vertical<\/em><\/td><td>Greenhouse Gas Intensity<\/td><td><em>0.19 kg CO<sub>2<\/sub>eq\/m<sup>2<\/sup>yr<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-hps.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2908\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-hps.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-hps-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-hps-300x400.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Picture: ZEIC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>Description of the technical concept<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>Space Heating:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">The building relies on <em>Daikin VRV T-Series<\/em> water-cooled heat recovery units (<em>RWEQ series<\/em>) for both space heating and cooling. The heat recovery units are connected to a geo-exchange field with 35 vertical boreholes located under the staff parking area on the northwest side of the building.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">Airtight buildings require mechanical ventilation. To achieve this, the engineering team specified a <em>Tempeff DualCore\u00ae<\/em> energy recovery ventilator (ERV) with a highly efficient sensible and latent heat recovery capacity (90% and 70%, respectively). The ERV has two heat exchangers and by regularly alternating the airflow across the heat exchangers, the ERV is able to operate without a bypass mode, defrost cycle or preheating of outdoor air \u2013 even at extremely low temperatures. This feature makes this cold-climate ERV significantly more energy-efficient than most others over its entire operational range.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">The building is in operation 24\/7, therefore its internal heat gains (lighting, electrical loads, body heat, etc.) are high, resulting in a higher annual cooling load than heating load.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">This is uncommon for most buildings of this size in northern climate zones. Because the cooling load is dominant, it was important to minimize solar heat gains for most of the year. This was achieved by specifying a low solar heat gain coefficient for the glazing (0.3), a large brise-soleil on the south elevation and a low window-to-wall ratio on the east, west and north elevations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"498\" src=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-constr.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2909\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-constr.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-constr-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-constr-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006-constr-400x195.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Picture: ZEIC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>Domestic Hot Water:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">To generate domestic hot water, the engineering team specified <em>Rheem<\/em> hybrid electric water heaters which combine a heat pump with an electric resistance water heater.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-b989473c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50 has-custom-font-size is-style-outline has-medium-font-size is-style-outline--1\" style=\"text-transform:none\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background has-text-align-center wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2025\/03\/ca006fact-sheet-fort-st-john2.pdf\" style=\"border-radius:5px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"84\" class=\"wp-image-2196\" style=\"width: 300px;\" src=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic.png 845w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic-768x215.png 768w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic-400x112.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>CA006 &#8211; Zero Carbon and Net Zero Energy-Ready<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">Case study delivered by: Zero Emissions Innovation Centre (ZEIC) <a href=\"https:\/\/b2electrification.org\/ravens-crossing-how-community-went-all-electric\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zebx.org\/zero-carbon-and-net-zero-energy-ready-in-northern-bc\/\">Zero Carbon and Net Zero Energy-Ready in Northern BC \u2013 ZEBx<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Canada With a population of approximately 21,000, a very cold climate and without the adoption of the BC Energy Step&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","filters":[],"markets":[17],"applications":[7,41],"class_list":["post-2906","case_studies","type-case_studies","status-publish","hentry","markets-canada","applications-buildings","applications-multi-family-buildings"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_studies\/2906","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_studies"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/case_studies"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_studies\/2906\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2937,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_studies\/2906\/revisions\/2937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"filters","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/filters?post=2906"},{"taxonomy":"markets","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/markets?post=2906"},{"taxonomy":"applications","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/applications?post=2906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}