{"id":2739,"date":"2024-12-09T12:26:02","date_gmt":"2024-12-09T12:26:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/annex62\/?page_id=2739"},"modified":"2025-09-12T14:39:45","modified_gmt":"2025-09-12T14:39:45","slug":"ch005-st-julien","status":"publish","type":"case_studies","link":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/case-studies\/ch005-st-julien\/","title":{"rendered":"CH005 St Julien"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:25px\">Defying clich\u00e9s in Geneva, Switzerland<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">This retrofit of a 1972 building counters HP-sceptics\u2019 arguments on many different levels. Except for the roof, no renovations took place, the existing heat distribution system (including the radiators in the dwellings) remained and the back-up oil boiler was removed after two years without being used. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"991\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2740\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.6289592760180995;width:548px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building.jpg 991w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">This existing MFH (multi-family building), built in 1972 in Geneva, contains 53 apartments over eight floors. It suffered no major envelope retrofit before this project and the total oil consumption amounted to 700 MWh\/yr (for space heating and domestic hot water of its 4\u2019049m\u00b2 of heated area).<em>(Photo credit SIG, CSD Ing\u00e9nieurs SA)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">It is now equipped with a monovalent system comprising two industrial-type air-source HPs. In the last year of monitoring, the annual SPF was 2.3, including auxiliaries, with DHW consumption accounting for almost half of the total heat requirement. Operating errors were detected during the first year of monitoring, due to incorrect device settings, and were largely rectified by optimizing the control strategy, improving the system&#8217;s performance since commissioning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">A 300 kW back-up oil boiler was initially kept in the system but after two years of monitoring it proved utterly useless and was removed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>Lessons learned&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>HP-only systems can be installed in poorly insulated buildings with no interruptions for the residents.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EL auxiliaries (pumps) can greatly reduce system performance if not properly regulated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pay attention to DHW loops as they are sources of significant losses, both in terms of heat and temperature!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Industrial HPs are cheap but need consequent noise-reduction installation:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid oversizing: measure the building\u2019s demand prior to the project to size the system accordingly!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>Key facts<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Building<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><strong>Heat Pump and Source<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td><em>Geneva, Switzerland<\/em><\/td><td>Number of HP<\/td><td><em>2<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Construction<\/td><td><em>19<\/em>72<\/td><td>Installed power<\/td><td><em>2 x 156kW<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Refurbishment<\/td><td><em>until 2021<\/em><\/td><td>Operation mode<\/td><td><em>monovalent<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat distribution<\/td><td><em>radiators<\/em><\/td><td>Heat source<\/td><td><em>ambient air<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heated area<\/td><td><em>4049 m\u00b2 living<\/em><\/td><td>Type of system<\/td><td><em>Central<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>No. of apartments<\/td><td><em>53<\/em><\/td><td>Model<\/td><td><em>AERMEC NRK0650<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>level of insulation<\/td><td><em>poor<\/em><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Heating sytem<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><strong>Domestic Hot Water<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat demand<\/td><td><em>77 kWh \/ (m\u00b2a)<\/em><\/td><td>DHW demand<\/td><td><em>55 kWh \/ (m\u00b2a)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heating<br>temperature<\/td><td><em>55\u00b0C (@-5\u00b0C ext)<\/em><\/td><td>Max. temperature<\/td><td><em>65\u00b0C<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Additional heating<\/td><td><em>none<\/em><\/td><td>Circulation system<\/td><td>yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Share SH \/ DHW<\/td><td><em>58% \/ 42%<\/em><\/td><td>Type<\/td><td><em>centralized system<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Other information<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PV installed<\/td><td><em>no<\/em><\/td><td>SPF<\/td><td><em>2.3<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tank<\/td><td><em>1m\u00b3<\/em><\/td><td>Refrigerant<\/td><td><em>R410A<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"598\" height=\"344\" src=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-scheme.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2742\" style=\"width:615px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-scheme.png 598w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-scheme-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-scheme-400x230.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>Description of the technical concept<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building-2-576x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2746\" style=\"width:219px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building-2-576x1024.jpeg 576w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building-2-169x300.jpeg 169w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building-2-768x1365.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building-2-864x1536.jpeg 864w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building-2-1152x2048.jpeg 1152w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building-2-225x400.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005-building-2-scaled.jpeg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">The heating system comprises a 1 m3 storage tank and two SH distribution circuits (northwest and southwest). Each SH distribution circuit has its own three-way valve and circulator. On the other hand, the DHW subsystem comprises two 1 m\u00b3 storage tanks connected in series, separated from production by two plate heat exchangers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">The 2 industrial-type HPs supply heat for SH and DHW alternately to maintain the storage tanks at their set temperatures. The heating and DHW setpoints are fixed at the top of each storage tank and verified by a temperature sensor. A motorized isolation valve directs HPs heat production to the DHW subsystem or to SH circuits. When HPs are in SH mode, the valve remains open to send the heat production to the SH circuits. When in DHW mode, the valve is closed and all the HPs heat production is directed to the DHW plate heat exchangers. In the event of simultaneous demand for DHW and heating, priority is given to DHW.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">Final report: Calame, Nicole et al. (2021). AirBiVal: D\u00e9veloppement et optimisation de concepts hybrides de pompes \u00e0 chaleur sur l\u2019air pour des immeubles r\u00e9sidentiels collectifs. Url: https:\/\/archive-ouverte.unige.ch\/unige:156969<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-b989473c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50 is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size has-text-align-center has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/12\/ch005factsheetchstjulien122024.pdf\" style=\"border-radius:5px;text-transform:none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"84\" class=\"wp-image-2196\" style=\"width: 300px;\" src=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic.png 845w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic-768x215.png 768w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic-400x112.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph \">CH005 St Julien&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Defying clich\u00e9s in Geneva, Switzerland This retrofit of a 1972 building counters HP-sceptics\u2019 arguments on many different levels. Except for&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","filters":[],"markets":[29],"applications":[7,41],"class_list":["post-2739","case_studies","type-case_studies","status-publish","hentry","markets-switzerland","applications-buildings","applications-multi-family-buildings"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_studies\/2739","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_studies"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/case_studies"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_studies\/2739\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3296,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_studies\/2739\/revisions\/3296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2739"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"filters","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/filters?post=2739"},{"taxonomy":"markets","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/markets?post=2739"},{"taxonomy":"applications","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/applications?post=2739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}