{"id":2353,"date":"2024-02-27T10:12:34","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T10:12:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/annex62\/?page_id=2353"},"modified":"2025-09-12T15:04:27","modified_gmt":"2025-09-12T15:04:27","slug":"versoix-centre","status":"publish","type":"case_studies","link":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/case-studies\/versoix-centre\/","title":{"rendered":"Versoix-Centre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \" style=\"font-size:25px\"><strong>Versoix-Centre, Geneva<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">A four-pipe district heating and cooling network with a 400 kWth heat pump on lake water, for mixed-use building complex.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"438\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/ch015-building.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2354\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.0956937799043063;width:526px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/ch015-building.png 438w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/ch015-building-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/ch015-building-400x191.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>Lessons learned&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Discrepancy between subscribed capacity and real capacity needs of the customers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>Key facts<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Building<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><strong>Heat Pump and Source<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td><em>Geneva, Switzerland<\/em><\/td><td>Number of HP<\/td><td><em>2<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Construction<\/td><td><em>2011-2015<\/em><\/td><td>Installed power<\/td><td><em>400 kWth<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat distribution<\/td><td><em>underfloor heating<\/em><\/td><td>Operation mode<\/td><td><em>bivalent<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heated area<\/td><td><em>27,300 m\u00b2<\/em><\/td><td>Heat source<\/td><td><em>deep lake water<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cooled area<\/td><td><em>24,800 m\u00b2<\/em><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>No. of apartments<\/td><td><em>&#8211;<\/em><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Level of insulation<\/td><td><em>high performance<\/em><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Heating sytem<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><strong>Domestic Hot Water<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat demand<\/td><td><em>43 kWh \/ (m\u00b2a)<\/em><\/td><td>DHW demand<\/td><td><em>20 kWh \/ (m\u00b2a)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heating<br>temperature<\/td><td><em>40 \u00b0C<\/em><\/td><td>Max. temperature<\/td><td><em>60 \u00b0C<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SH share<\/td><td><em>68 %<\/em><\/td><td>DHW share<\/td><td><em>32%<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>back-up heat <br>production<\/td><td><em>gas boilers (1.4 MW)<\/em><\/td><td>Type of system<\/td><td><em>decentralized with<br>one booster HP<br>on DH in each <br>building<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>Circulation system<\/td><td><em>yes<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Other information<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HP share<\/td><td><em>77%<\/em><\/td><td>COP<\/td><td><em>&#8211;<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gas boiler share<\/td><td><em>23%<\/em><\/td><td>SPF<\/td><td><em>3.24<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cooling mix<\/td><td><em>61% lake, 39% HP<\/em><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">In this study, we investigate the operation of the \u201cVersoix-Centre\u201d thermal network in the canton of Geneva during 2018. The network provides heating and cooling to several new buildings (built after 2010) with a total surface area of around 27\u2019000&nbsp;m<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">For year 2018, the heat mix is 75% HP &amp; 25% fossil fuel boilers, and the cooling mix is 60% lake &amp; 40% HP. The centralized HP has a SPF of 3.24 (3.21 in winter; 3.90 in summer).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">For 2018, a warm year yet with outside temperature range close to normative values:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The overall DH oversizing is almost 2 times the actual building requirements (contract power\/delivered power = 1.8).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For DC, the oversizing reaches a factor of 3 (contracted power\/delivered power = 2.9).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">As the real capacity needs of the buildings connected to this DH\/DC are close to those estimated for the connected buildings based on normative indications, this oversizing situation could be partly explained by differences between the project and realization phases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \"><strong>Description of the technical concept<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"575\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/ch015-scheme.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/ch015-scheme.png 575w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/ch015-scheme-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/ch015-scheme-400x301.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">\u201cVersoix-Centre\u201d is a 4-pipe thermal network in Versoix (Geneva). The network has a single thermal power plant, with two distribution networks: one for heating (DH), and the second for cooling (DC) the buildings connected to the thermal grid. The 7 connected buildings were built between 2011 and 2015 and have an energy reference area of about 27\u2019300&nbsp;m<sup>2<\/sup>, with mixed use (administrative, home for the elderly, cultural activities, hotel, shopping center, multifamily building). The heating base load is produced by a 400&nbsp;kW<sub>th<\/sub> centralized HP, which heat source is Lake Geneva (at a depth of 45&nbsp;m, where temperatures vary between 7\u00b0C and 10\u00b0C). Heating pic load and backup is provided by two boilers: a condensing gas boiler (400&nbsp;kW) and a second dual-fuel boiler (1&nbsp;MW) without possibility of heat recovery on flue gases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">The distribution temperatures of the DH network are relatively low, with a supply temperature of 45\u00b0C. The production of DHW at higher temperatures is the responsibility of the customers, who use the DH as a cold source for decentralized HP in the substations, after the primary heat exchanger of the DH substation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">Cooling is either done directly with lake water used to cool down the DC network via a heat exchanger, or by the centralized HP transferring heat from the DC network to the DH network. In this second option, the HP covers simultaneously the heating and cooling demands on the two distribution networks (to pool energy needs). The distribution temperatures of the DC network are considerably high, with a supply temperature that can reach 10\u00b0C, a temperature compatible with the deep waters of the lake.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">Final report: DE OLIVEIRA FILHO, Fleury, HOLLMULLER, Pierre (2020). R\u00e9seau thermique Versoix-Centre : Analyse du fonctionnement et bilan \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. <br>Url: <a href=\"https:\/\/archive-ouverte.unige.ch\/unige:145705\">https:\/\/archive-ouverte.unige.ch\/unige:145705<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-b989473c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50 has-custom-font-size is-style-outline has-medium-font-size is-style-outline--1\" style=\"text-transform:none\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background has-text-align-center wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/ch015factsheetversoix-centre.pdf\" style=\"border-radius:5px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"84\" class=\"wp-image-2196\" style=\"width: 300px;\" src=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic.png 845w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic-768x215.png 768w, https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2024\/02\/fact-sheet-button-pic-400x112.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container container--no-margin\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph \">CH015 Versoix-Centre<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Versoix-Centre, Geneva A four-pipe district heating and cooling network with a 400 kWth heat pump on lake water, for mixed-use&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","filters":[],"markets":[29],"applications":[7,41],"class_list":["post-2353","case_studies","type-case_studies","status-publish","hentry","markets-switzerland","applications-buildings","applications-multi-family-buildings"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_studies\/2353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_studies"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/case_studies"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_studies\/2353\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2356,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_studies\/2353\/revisions\/2356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"filters","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/filters?post=2353"},{"taxonomy":"markets","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/markets?post=2353"},{"taxonomy":"applications","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project62\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/applications?post=2353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}