{"id":771,"date":"2025-09-12T13:37:34","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T13:37:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/annex54\/?page_id=771"},"modified":"2025-09-12T13:37:35","modified_gmt":"2025-09-12T13:37:35","slug":"about-the-project","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project54\/about-the-project\/","title":{"rendered":"About the Project"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Objective<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n
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This annex aims at promoting low-GWP refrigerant application to accelerate phase-down of high-GWP HFCs by developing design guidelines of optimized heat pump components and systems for low-GWP refrigerants through the review of available low-GWP refrigerants, their properties and applicable standards, safety, and flammability of refrigerants, and safe use of flammable refrigerants; optimization of heat pump components and system for low-GWP refrigerants; analysis of the LCCP impact by the current design and optimized design with low-GWP refrigerants; and market opportunity study for heat pumps with low-GWP refrigerants and low-GWP refrigerants availability for 2030. Target applications are air-conditioning and heat pump systems for residential and commercial buildings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Background<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n
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In 2016, 197 countries adopted an amendment to phase down HFCs under the Montreal Protocol in Kigali, Rwanda. Under the amendment, countries committed to cut the production and consumption of HFCs by more than 80 percent over the next 30 years. The goal is to avoid more than 80 billion tons of CO2 <\/sub>eq emissions by 2050 and avoid up to 0.5\u00b0C warming by 2100. The refrigerant used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems is responsible for about 2% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In 2000, stationary air conditioning systems account for 37% of global refrigerant emissions and 21% of CO2 <\/sub>equivalent emissions of refrigerants. However, more than 80% market growth of air conditioning systems is projected especially in developing countries due to their economic growth and climate changes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Future heat pump systems will use low-GWP refrigerants and energy-efficient technologies to meet the latest international regulations and reduce overall environmental impacts. Low-GWP refrigerants candidates are R-32, R-32 mixtures, and natural refrigerants (HCs and CO2<\/sub>) and their GWP values will be lower than 700.  Since candidate refrigerants have a wide range of thermophysical properties and thermodynamic characteristics, which are different from current refrigerants, customized and optimized components, and system designs for new low-GWP refrigerants are very important.  The proposed Annex will explore this new opportunity and contribute to expanding the optimized low-GWP air conditioning and heat pump systems, advancing their technology readiness levels (TRL) by developing design guidelines for low-GWP technologies, assisting to reduce their market barriers, and promoting international collaboration.  Therefore, the proposed annex aligns with IEA\u2019s vision and mission by targeting clean, low-carbon energy systems\u2019 design and applications. This annex will assist IEA to achieve its strategic goals by promoting new, alternative, or natural refrigerants with lower GWP for heat pumps.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

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Contact Person<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Mr Yunho Hwang, yhhwang@umd.edu<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Participating Countries<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Sweden, the USA<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Published Reports from HPT Annex 54<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n
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The following reports summarize the main findings from the project:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Final Report <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Excecutive Summary <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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2 page summary<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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The country report describes the outcomes from the work performed within the different participating countries:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Country Report Austria <\/a><\/strong>
The team from Austria identified low-GWP refrigerants and provided an overview of the Austrian heat pump market and examples of low GWP refrigerants in applications.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Country Report France <\/a><\/strong>
The French team investigated the water-to-brine heat pump for a 5 kW residential space heating application that can be placed inside a house with a maximum admissible R-290 charge of 150 g.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Country Report Germany <\/a><\/strong>
The team from Germany summarized the heat pump market survey, integrated fluid screening, and evaluated SCOP of HCs, HFOs, and mixtures.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Country Report Italy <\/a><\/strong>
The team from Italy reported about a solar-assisted heat pump water heater using CO2 and compared R410A alternatives (R32, R454B, and R454C) for residential heat pumps.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Country Report Japan <\/a><\/strong>
The Japanese team provided an in-depth analysis of the LCCP and risk evaluations for heat pump systems using low GWP refrigerants like R-410A, R-32, R-454C, R-290, and R-22.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Country Report South Korea <\/a><\/strong>
The team from South Korea conducted a comparative study on the performance of R-32 versus R-410A refrigerants in residential air conditioners such as window-type and wall-mounted air conditioners.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Country Report Sweden <\/a><\/strong>
The Swedish provided the Swedish heat pump market for residential and commercial units, shared case studies and design guidelines for a geothermal R290 HP for multifamily buildings (EBOX), a CO2 heat pump system for commercial buildings, and a R290 heat pump and chiller for the process cooling and heating.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Country Report USA  <\/a><\/strong>
From US they reported about the next-generation HX design framework and provided 5.3 kW condenser optimization for R32 and R454B.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Objective This annex aims at promoting low-GWP refrigerant application to accelerate phase-down of high-GWP HFCs by developing design guidelines of…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"353,620,694,661,711,205","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-771","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project54\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project54\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project54\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project54\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project54\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=771"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project54\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/771\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":772,"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project54\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/771\/revisions\/772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/heatpumpingtechnologies.org\/project54\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}